Court Ruling: Federal Government Must Address Poaching in Mexican Gray Wolf Recovery Plan

In response to a lawsuit by conservation groups, a judge has ruled that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) must add specific actions to address the poaching of Mexican gray wolves in their plan for the species’ recovery.  

The group’s 2018 lawsuit claimed that the plan failed to meet basic requirements of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) to provide site-specific management actions and objectives with measurable recovery criteria to address the most immediate threat facing the Mexican gray wolf recovery program since its inception: illegal killing. 

Earthjustice represented Defenders of Wildlife, the Center for Biological Diversity, Endangered Wolf Center, Wolf Conservation Center and David Parsons, former Mexican Wolf Recovery Coordinator for FWS.  

“Ensuring that wolves and people can coexist is an essential part of long-term success for Mexican gray wolf recovery,” said Bryan Bird, Southwest program director for Defenders of Wildlife. “Today’s court ruling recognizes the urgent need from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to develop a recovery plan that addresses a significant threat to the Mexican wolf: poaching by people.” 

“More than seventy percent of documented Mexican gray wolf mortalities are human-caused,” said Elizabeth Forsyth, Earthjustice attorney. “We’re glad that the Court has recognized that for the Mexican wolf to survive, the Fish and Wildlife Service must put in place a robust plan that includes concrete actions to address the threat of illegal killing.”  

“The path to recovery for the Mexican gray wolf has been hampered by widespread poaching for far too long,” said Michael Robinson at the Center for Biological Diversity. “Now that the Fish and Wildlife Service has to take this issue seriously, we hope these wolves will stand a better chance of survival.” 

“This court ruling is timely and important for securing a bright future for the critically endangered Mexican gray wolves. Recent research shows that human-caused mortality of these rare wolves, especially through poaching during times of reduced protection, has been consistently mismeasured and significantly underestimated,” said plaintiff David Parsons, the former Mexican Wolf Recovery Coordinator for the Fish and Wildlife Service. 

"Too many wolves, including individuals released from our center, have already been killed by poachers," said Maggie Howell, Director of the Wolf Conservation Center. "This ruling confirms the critical need for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to take meaningful action to protect these vulnerable and  genetically invaluable wolves." 

“Mexican gray wolves are a keystone species, vital to keeping our lands healthy, which is why we need to reduce any losses for this recovering population,” said Regina Mossotti, Director of Animal Care and Conservation at the Endangered Wolf Center. “We appreciate the Service’s commitment to saving the Mexican gray wolf and hope this ruling will help them focus on identifying new and innovative ways to protect this critically endangered wolf.” 

Background  

Mexican gray wolves, or “lobos,” are one of the most endangered mammals in the world and are also the most genetically distinct lineage of gray wolves in the Western Hemisphere. By the mid-1980s, federal hunting, trapping and poisoning had nearly caused the extinction of lobos in the wild. With only a handful remaining in the wild, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service captured them and brought into captivity to start a breeding and recovery program.  

Poaching causes the deaths of more Mexican gray wolves than any other cause, with 105 wolves known to have been killed unlawfully between 1998, when reintroduction to Arizona and New Mexico began, and 2019. A similar number of radio-collared wolves disappeared, many under suspicious circumstances, during this same span. 

With fewer than 250 lobos left in the wild, this critical decision will now spur the new administration to produce a recovery plan that adequately addresses the needs of the wolves and the need to protect biodiversity during an extinction crisis. 

Additional Media Contacts

Elizabeth Forsyth, Earthjustice, (206) 531-0841, eforsyth@earthjustice.org 
Michael Robinson, Center for Biological Diversity, (575) 313-7017, michaelr@biologicaldiversity.org